Telephone is an electrical device that allows people to exchange information at a distance using an electrical signal. The word telephone comes to us from ancient Greece. Tele - translates as "far", and the background - "voice".

After reading the article, any home master can easily connect a landline, fax or several phones in parallel, including a radiotelephone.

What is the voltage in the telephone line

The telephone line is under 40-60 V DC voltage if the telephone is not connected or is connected, but the handset is on the telephone set. During a call, the voltage in the communication line becomes variable with an amplitude of up to 120 V. When you pick up the handset, the voltage drops to 6-12 V. This voltage is not life-threatening, but it can cause discomfort.

It is impossible to disable the communication line or damage the telephone set when connected. The telephone line may be disconnected for several minutes if the handset is lifted for a long time without dialing a number or if the communication line conductors are short-circuited. The telephone line is automatically disconnected by an automatic telephone exchange (PBX) to save energy. So you can safely start connecting your phone to the communication line yourself.

Before connecting a landline telephone, fax or radiotelephone to the communication line, it is desirable, but not necessary, to check the availability of the communication line. Line voltage can be measured with a voltmeter designed to measure DC voltage.

If the phone is not connected to the line or is connected, and the receiver is on the phone, the device should show a voltage of 40-60 V. If there is no voltmeter, you can check with a potato, and this is not a joke, but a real way of checking. It is enough to stick the noodle wires stripped from the insulation into the cut of the potato. No batteries are needed as the wires are already energized.

What current will flow
with a short circuit of the telephone line wires

The automatic telephone exchange has a system of protection against failure of equipment and communication lines, which limits the current during a short circuit of the telephone line to 40 mA.

For the communication line, one of the free pairs is taken, brown or blue. A twisted pair cable consists of two conductors twisted together. The insulation of one of them is painted in solid color, and the insulation of the second is white with stripes in the first color.

These products are low-current contacts housed in plastic cases of various shapes, designs and sizes. Connection can be made by fastening the contacts with screws or using a specially designed connector. In older products, special plugs are used.

DIY connection

Before talking about the connection, you need to bring a telephone cable to the place intended for installing the socket.

In new residential premises, it is laid during construction work using hidden wiring. Only a pair of contacts is brought out, but an outlet can also be installed.

In used rooms, the cable is often laid over skirting boards, but this is impractical as it can be damaged during cleaning. It is common to lay the telephone cable under the baseboards, for this there is no need to dismantle them, it is enough to move it a little and lay the cable in the gap formed. Then put the plinth back in place.

The cable can be brought to the installation site directly along the wall, or you can pierce the channel and lay it as a hidden wiring.

Materials and tools

The main accessories that you may need when laying telephone wiring:

• side cutters - for cutting the cable;
• knife - for stripping the ends of the wires;
• screwdriver - fixing the ends in the socket;
• screws - fixing the device base to the wall;
• drill - drilling holes for fixing the outdoor unit;
• tungsten carbide drill - typically 4.2 mm in diameter;
• plastic inserts in the holes;
• "Grinder" with a disc for concrete - to perform hidden wiring;
• hammer drill with core drill, drill size in accordance with box dimensions;
• - to clarify the polarity of the contacts in the connector when connecting;
• protective latex gloves - if during the work there is an accidental call to the phone, the potential difference can reach 120V, which is already unsafe with direct contact.

Work order

1. If it is decided to install hidden wiring, you must first make a channel for laying the telephone cable. Using a grinder, grind the channel along its entire length and lay the wire in it, seal the channel with cement mortar.
2. When making open wiring, you will need special plastic brackets for attaching the cable to the wall and an electric drill with a drill. Insert plastic inserts into the holes about 20 mm deep, and fix the wire under the bracket with a nail or screw. All fasteners are sold in a set, there are no problems with component compatibility.
3. Installation under the skirting board will require the use of a chisel, with which the skirting board is removed from the wall for laying the wire. After that, the plinth is knocked into place with regular nails.
4. When installing an outdoor box, it must first be connected to the cable. Then fix it on the wall. Here options are possible, determined by the design of the boxes themselves. If its base has holes for fastening, you need to attach it to the installation site and mark the location of the holes on the wall. Using a drill, drill the holes, install the inserts and secure the box base with the screws provided. Then install the cover, which has special latches for this. The base without mounting holes can be wall-mounted using double-sided tape. The fastening is quite reliable, but it is advisable to hold the case when disconnecting the connector.
5. When installing the inner box, you need to use a hammer drill and a core drill on the diameter of the box. After making a blind hole in the wall, install a box in it, connect it to the cable and fix it in the hole. Replace the cover.
6. When connecting the contacts, check the correspondence of the poles with a tester (location "+" and "-").

All work is simple and accessible to a non-professional performer.

Types of connectors. Features of the application of RJ11, RJ12 and other types

Telephone connectors are used not only for connecting devices to a communication line. They are used to connect with other devices and communication devices.

Sockets are made with one, two or more connectors and can provide simultaneous connection of several subscribers.

In a wide variety of connectors, it is necessary to consider some of their varieties:

• RJ11 - two-wire version, used to connect to line-type networks.
• RJ14 - equipped with four conductors and four pins, compatible with most modern phone models. To connect one subscriber, you need to use the 2nd and 3rd contacts. If you need to connect several additional lines, you need to use the 1st and 4th pins. If an overhead telephone socket is used, the line is connected with red and green wires.
• RJ25 - has three pairs of contacts, requires the participation of a qualified telephone technician to connect.
• RTShK-4 is a legacy of the Soviet period, but it is being produced and used to the present. Includes a special key. Connection is made in one-piece way with a tap-off box. If there are several points of this type in the room, they are closed using a capacitor.

Let's talk more about devices for connecting RJ11 and RJ12:

• The first of these types of products is used for individual connections in conventional telephone networks.
• The second is used for networks with heavy loads - in office or public places.

These types of connecting devices have two or four contacts, made like a metal plug, connect to the contacts that are located in the center. For installation, a special tool is desirable - a crossover knife, which allows you to remove the braid without damaging the wire and crimp the plug when installed on the wire.

To connect you need:

• remove the braid from the wire to a length of 4 - 5 centimeters;
• straighten each core of the cable, the number of which is from 4 to 6;
• lay all the wiring in the socket grooves;
• check for contact between the connector and the telephone cable.

When starting the connection, you need to take care of safety measures when performing work. Be sure to wear rubber gloves that can protect you from electric shock.

General Outlet Standards indicate that a red braid usually indicates a positive conductor and green indicates a negative rating. The tester will help you to verify this.

The connection methods for all sockets are identical, but they differ in the methods of installation depending on the version.

In practice, the installation of popular French-made Legrnd sockets is also carried out. The line of products of this type is very diverse, sockets are available with any type of installation: external, internal and any others. The color coding follows European standards and is identical in similar products from other manufacturers.

Examples of prices for telephone connectors

Table 1

1. When performing work on laying a telephone cable, you need to remember the safety rules:
   • When chamfering a cable groove in brick or concrete, be sure to use safety glasses or face protection to protect your eyes and face.
   • Take the same safety precautions when drilling holes for securing the cable or socket base.
   • When cutting material from the channeled channels, from the blind hole for the socket box, install a protective disk on the chisel to prevent damage to your hands.
   • Work with wiring must be carried out with protective gloves.
2. If a polarity tester is not available, use a cut potato. Stick the ends of the wires into the pulp, the surface of the pulp around the positive wire will soon begin to darken.
3. Modern sockets are made in a safe version. However, they must be installed out of the reach of children.
4. When stripping the ends of the cable for connection, it is necessary to avoid damage to the insulation of the internal wires and, moreover, the conductors themselves. This leads to a deterioration in the quality of communication and the possibility of a line break.
5. If an old Soviet two-core wire is used in the form of a plastic ribbon with wires along the edges, it is unacceptable to fasten it by driving nails between the wires. This often leads to line breaks during installation. When the nail comes into contact with the wire, a grounding pair may form, impairing the quality of the connection.

By carrying out all the work thoughtfully and accurately, you can successfully cope with the simple task of wiring and installing sockets. Take it without a doubt and you will be a success!

Rostelecom offers all its customers to connect a home phone on the most favorable terms. To ensure the greatest convenience in using landline communications, the operator company developed the most simple system for installing telephones and offered subscribers a number of tariff plans, allowing everyone to choose the best option for themselves.

To connect home phone from Rostelecom, the company's customers can use one of the following methods:

By phone

Another option is to use the capabilities of the autoinformer (8-80010-02525). The person who made the call will only need to listen to all the instructions, and then agree to the automatic conclusion of the contract.

The last method, which involves using a telephone: filling out an online request (www.rt.ru/fastorder) for a call back. From the information, the user will need to indicate: his name, contact phone number and installation address. After some time, specialists from the support center will contact the subscriber themselves to confirm the order and clarify some significant points.

Through the site

Also, a connection agreement can be concluded through personal Area, but for this you need to register on the site. The further scheme, as in the previous versions, assumes that later the specialists themselves will call the user.

Personal visit to the office

A home phone can be connected by contacting the employees of the nearest company office. The sales center is convenient because there you can immediately discuss in detail with Rostelecom employees how to connect a phone, how much it costs and get answers to other significant questions, as well as immediately determine the most suitable tariff plan.

Any of the options has its pros and cons, so everyone decides for himself which method he uses.

Registration of the application

When placing an application, one of the main issues that worries the subscriber is the price of connecting a home phone. Fortunately, Rostelecom has a noticeably lower price than other companies: about 10,000 rubles for a typical installation and about 1,300,000 rubles for connecting legal entities.

In different localities this figure will differ, but not significantly. This amount includes in advance the cost of a standard device that will be installed in the subscriber's house (it functions equally well when connected to the network and the battery).

Therefore, before conducting a home phone to Rostelecom, it is recommended to immediately clarify how much this service costs. And only then, if it turns out that all the conditions offered to the user suit him, you can start submitting an application. To do this, you will need to specify the following data:

• your full name;
• mobile contact number;
• passport data;
• postal address (where you need to lead the phone).

Submit an application in any convenient way (this will not affect the cost of the service provided) and connect Rostelecom's landline phone.

Important! To conclude a contract, the subscriber will definitely need to present a passport or other identity card.

Choosing a tariff plan

The cost of connecting a home phone from Rostelecom will depend on which tariff the subscriber has chosen:

Subscriber

The tariff is provided only for those users who do not have a minute-by-minute definition of the call duration (due to the lack of appropriate technical capabilities). These subscribers get the opportunity to talk for an unlimited time for 344 rubles a month (subject to making calls to local numbers). This relatively small amount even includes telephone line maintenance charges.

Unlimited

This option is designed for fans of long conversations, so the duration of conversations on "Unlimited" is not limited. The cost of connecting a tariff to a Rostelecom landline telephone is 512 rubles per month. The service is valid only for calls to local numbers. Communication with other regions will be charged separately.

Combined

For 320 rubles, users of the "Combined" tariff receive 350 minutes of free calls with local numbers every month. Line fees are also included in this amount immediately. Calls in excess of the established limit will cost 44 kopecks per minute.

Social

Rostelecom's tariff with the lowest monthly fee (236 rubles) allows you to compensate for the cost of providing the line and get the right to make free calls for 100 minutes a month. When the limit is exhausted, the subscriber will have to pay 60 kopecks for each minute.

Output

The cost of connecting the "Weekend" tariff to Rostelecom's home phone is 338 rubles / month. Its feature is the ability to conduct unlimited long conversations during holidays and weekends. The rest of the time you need to pay for calls at a rate of 50 k / min.

Timed

The latter tariff is intended for those who use their home phone only in the most rare cases. To pay for it, you need to pay 204 rubles every month (this is compensation for maintaining the line's activity). Each minute of conversation on the "Time-based" tariff is 54 kopecks.

It should be borne in mind that the tariffs, depending on the region of residence of the subscriber, will have some differences, so it is impossible to say in advance exactly how much it costs to activate the service in each case.

Equipment installation

An application for the installation of a telephone by Rostelecom is considered no longer than three days, and the installation of all necessary equipment takes no more than 40 minutes. During this time, the master manages to install an outlet (to minimize the cost of service, it is presented in a single copy) and to establish a connection between Rostelecom's landline phone and the network.

The main device and the elements that are needed to secure it are purchased by the client himself (this is included in the connection cost). And the specialist delivers the socket, cable and other elements necessary for installing the Rostelecom telephone himself and he will not require any additional payment for this.

Obviously, there shouldn't be any difficulties with filing an application, concluding a contract and subsequent installation of the device. Therefore, connect a landline telephone, independently test the capabilities of Rostelecom's fixed communications and enjoy communication.

It is easier to connect a telephone socket with your own hands than an electrical one. And most importantly, it is safer, because there is a voltage value that is safe for a person in the outlet. But at the same time, keep in mind that when you call the subscriber, a voltage of 120 Volts is supplied to the line - while it hits the hands decently.

To connect a telephone line, use only 2 wires of small cross-section. There is absolutely no difficulty in connecting the phone with your own hands. And how to do this or connect several telephone sockets, you will learn later from this article. If after correct connection the phone does not work, which is unlikely, then it is necessary to swap the wires.

You can install any number of telephone sockets in your house or apartment- they are all connected to the line in parallel, that is, one wire is connected to the first contact and from there goes to the first contact of the next socket. The second wire comes to another contact of the socket and leaves it as well, but only to the second contact of the next one.

The overhead telephone socket is disassembled quite simply- unscrew the bolt or pry the latches with a screwdriver, in specially marked places. The internal socket is installed in a junction box or block in exactly the same way as the electrical software.

Telephone socket connection diagram

If you have an old telephone, then buy a universal telephone socket in which both a modern connector and an old 4-pin connector with a fifth plastic tongue are installed. Connecting an old-style socket is very simple - 2 wires sit on the right contacts relative to the plastic tongue, which will be at the bottom. But at the same time it is necessary to make sure that the wires in the plug from the telephone are connected mirrored to the same contacts as in the socket.

Today there are 3 modern telephone connector types and accordingly 3 types of telephone sockets:

Any type of socket a telephone cable with any type of RJ11, RJ14 or RJ25 connector can be included. They are the same in size and differ only in the number of contacts.

Consider, that according to the generally accepted color coding scheme, to connect one line in the overhead socket, those contacts are used, from which the wires of red and green colors go to the connector.

To connect a telephone socket a two-core wire is used in a house or apartment. The telephone socket in offices can be connected either with a six-, four- or two-core flat telephone cable, or with a twisted pair cable (for a computer network).

Features of connecting a telephone socket Legrand

When installing the Legrand telephone socket, there is no need to strip the wires, thanks to the built-in self-cleaning mechanism. The cable is connected by turning the contact mechanism by a quarter of a turn, as shown in the figure.