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Using the Wi-Fi menu, you can quickly connect to a nearby wireless network.

If your network is not listed, make sure the router is close and others can connect to this access point. It could also be. To connect to a hidden network, select "Connect to another network".

The signal strength of each of the nearby networks is displayed next to its name. The more dark bars, the stronger the network signal.

enter password

Access to networks with a lock next to their name, password protected... After selecting a network, enter its password in the login window that appears. If you do not know the password, ask the owner of the Wi-Fi network you are trying to connect to.

Connecting to a Wi-Fi network using a mobile device

Depending on the service plan you are using, an iPhone or iPad with a cellular connection may provide an Internet connection for your Mac. When your iOS device is near your Mac, it appears in the Wi-Fi menu as an available connection.

1. From the Apple menu, choose System settings».
2. In the System Preferences window, click Network.
3. Select Wi-Fi from the list of available network connections.
4. Check the box next to Show Wi-Fi status in menu bar.

Network creation

If you want to create a temporary Wi-Fi connection between your Mac and another device, you can create your own network using the Wi-Fi menu.

1. Click the Wi-Fi menu and select Create Network.
2. Enter network details such as network name and channel.

When you create a computer-to-computer network, the menu icon changes to a computer icon (). When finished, click the Wi-Fi menu again and select Disable.

Original: How to manage a WiFi connection from the command line
Author: Adrien Brochard
Publication date: August 14, 2014
Translation: A. Krivoshey
Date of transfer: December 2014

When you install a new Linux distribution on your computer, it is always recommended to first connect it to the internet using a wired network. There are two good reasons for this: firstly, there may not be a suitable driver for your wireless adapter in the distribution kit, and secondly, if you install a system without a graphical interface, setting up Wi Fi in the command line scares many. I always try to avoid communicating with Wi Fi on the command line. However, there is no place for fear in the Linux world. If you don’t know anything, this is a great reason to study this subject. So I overcame myself and decided to master Wi Fi control in the Linux command line.

Of course, there are several ways to connect over Wi Fi on the command line. However, for the purposes of this post, I will try to apply the basic method: one that only uses the programs and utilities included in the "default packages" of any distribution. Obviously, the advantage of this method is that it can potentially be reproduced on any computer with any Linux. Its disadvantage is that it is quite complex.

So, first, it is assumed that you have the correct drivers loaded for your wireless network card. Without this, nothing will work.
Then you can check which network interfaces wireless connections support with the command:

Typically, the wireless interface is called wlan0. There are, of course, exceptions, but for the purposes of this tutorial, I will use a common notation.
Just in case, check that the interface is turned on:

$ sudo ip link set wlan0 up

When you know that your interface is working, you can search for available wireless networks with the command:

$ sudo iw dev wlan0 scan | less

From the output, you can find out the name of the network (SSID), the signal strength and the type of security used (that is, WEP, WPA / WPA2). There are two options here. The simplest and easiest if the network is not secure. In this case, you can immediately connect to it:

$ sudo iw dev wlan0 connect

If your network uses WEP encryption, it's also quite simple:

$ sudo iw dev wlan0 connect key 0:

But if your network uses WPA or WPA2, things get more complicated. In this case, you need to use the wpa_supplicant utility, which is not always preinstalled on the system. You need to open the file /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf and add the following lines to it:

Network = (ssid = "" psk = "" priority = 1)

I recommend adding them to the end of the file and making sure other configurations are commented out. Be careful as both ssid and password are case sensitive. You can enter the name of the access point instead of ssid, and wpa_supplicant will replace it with the corresponding ssid.

After completing the configuration, run this command in the background:

$ sudo wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

Now you need to get the IP address using the command:

$ sudo dhcpcd wlan0

If done correctly, you should get a new IP address via DHCP and the process will run in the background. You can always check for a connection with the command:

In conclusion, I think mastering this method is well worth the effort. You can never be sure that you always have a graphical interface or a wired connection available, so it is important to be prepared for these situations. As stated earlier, there are many ways (Network Manager, wicd, netcfg, wifi) to manage your wireless connection. I have chosen the most general method, although in certain cases the utilities that I have used may not be available, and you will need to download them first. On the other hand, there are much more advanced programs that are definitely not included in the default package, but make the configuration process a lot easier. It's a good idea to learn the basics anyway.

The technology of wireless data transmission in local networks Wi-Fi appeared in 1998 thanks to the engineer of the Australian laboratory of radio astronomy CSIRO John O'Sullivan. The first standard for the wireless communication protocol IEEE 802.11n was approved in 2009.

During its development, Wi-Fi technology has gained widespread popularity, primarily due to the lack of the need to use wires when connecting to a network. And if initially Wi-Fi technology was used to connect wearable and handheld computers, now this technology has penetrated both cameras and household appliances, and in multimedia devices, and in control devices. Wireless sensors of various physical quantities - temperature, pressure, humidity, etc. are widely used. Smart home control and management devices equipped with Wi-Fi modules can perform their functions from anywhere where a local wireless network is available, and if this network through a router has the ability to access the global network - and from anywhere, where there is internet. With the help of his smartphone connected to the Internet (via Wi-Fi or GSM), the user can not only browse sites, but also control household appliances located at any distance from him.

The standard Wi-Fi network scheme contains at least one access point that forms a wireless network with a known identifier (SSID) and encryption parameters, to which at least one client is connected. An access point can be either a specialized device or a router equipped with a wireless radio module connected to the global network. Also, for example, a laptop or smartphone equipped with Wi-Fi modules and connected to the network using a cable or GSM technology, respectively, can act as an access point.

In this review, we will look at some of the modules offered by Master Kit that use Wi-Fi wireless technology. Some modules are intended for use in DIY projects, come as a printed circuit board with components and do not have enclosures, while others are made as complete devices and are designed to be used out of the box. It should be noted that each of the considered devices is a client of the wireless network, therefore, an access point is required to connect them to the network. You also need to pay attention to which network the device connects to - local or global. Many Wi-Fi devices use portals located in the global network to communicate with other such devices and exchange information. This method of communication makes it possible to simplify the connection, since it does not require a permanent dedicated IP address of the global network and relatively complex network settings such as NAT (port forwarding) for external access to the local network located behind the router's firewall.

For ease of comparison, the main characteristics of the devices are summarized in the table at the end of the review.

Our review will begin with DIY-modules Master Kit using Wi-Fi technology.

1. - Wi-Fi relay with thermometer and two relays.

The device is based on the widespread Wi-Fi module ESP8266. The module is a microcontroller equipped with a wireless interface. It supports IEEE 802.11 b / g / n standards, with WEP and WPA / WPA2 encryption. The module also has 11 user-accessible I / O ports and wired communication interfaces SPI, I2C, I2S, UART and a 10-bit ADC. Several free development kits (SDKs) are available with a compiler and libraries to take advantage of the ESP8266's capabilities.

All this made it possible to create a modern device for mobile control of various electrical appliances using smartphones or tablets.

As already noted, the module is designed to work in local networks. If you need to use access to the global network, then the following device will help with this.

1. - Internet relay with a thermometer and two relays using the MQTT server.

The Network Protocol MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport) is a lightweight protocol for transferring data between devices and runs over TCP / IP. This protocol uses a behavioral messaging design pattern known as publisher-subscriber, is very easy to use and easy to administer, does not create heavy loads on communication channels and successfully works in the presence of problems in these channels, and also does not impose restrictions on the format of the transmitted data. MQTT is designed for low-power embedded devices, so it requires minimal processing power that microcontrollers can handle. Thus, the MQTT protocol is, along with some other similar protocols, for example MODBUS or RS-485, an excellent tool for implementing the functions of the "Internet of Things" - IoT.

Remote control of two relays, 2000 W each;

Reception and transmission to the network of readings of two DS18B20 temperature sensors connected to it;

Receiving and transmitting readings of DHT11 or DHT22 humidity sensors, analog sensors using the built-in ADC.

But, in addition, it provides data reading from sensors and control of built-in relays via the Internet at any point, there is a connection to the global network. When working in the global network, a free MQTT server is used, by default, but another one can be used.

1. If the previous two devices use the capabilities of the ESP8266 microcontroller, then the module has its own more powerful microcontroller of the STM8 series and is a device for collecting and transmitting data over Wi-Fi.

The use of the STM8 microcontroller made it possible to implement a very wide functionality in a small volume. The module is, on the one hand, a complete device for collecting data on consumed household resources, such as water, heat, gas, electricity, and on the other hand, it is a multifunctional device for monitoring and controlling executive modules and mechanisms.

The device collects data from the sensors and meters connected to it according to the established schedule and transmits this data to the server for further processing and use.

Up to 8 devices can be connected to one device in any combination:

Water meters;

Gas meters;

Electricity meters (when installing an additional CAN or RS-485 interface module);

Temperature sensors, for example;

Water leakage sensors, for example;

Liquid level sensors;

Gas leakage sensors;

Actuators (shut-off and control valves with an electric drive), for example, a ball valve with an electric drive.

When using additional built-in modules of RS-485 or CAN interfaces, in addition to the 8 devices listed above in the description, up to 8 Mercury-type electricity meters can be connected to one module, in addition to the 8 devices listed above.

Modules can be combined to increase the number of served data collection channels.

The device collects data from meters and sensors and transmits them to a server located in Russia according to the schedule set in the settings. In normal mode, data is sent once a day with hourly detail. If an emergency is detected (the water meter has turned off, a leak has occurred, the battery runs out, etc.), the device communicates immediately and informs the owner about it using PUSH or E-MAIL notifications... A personal account of each user is organized on the server.

IN personal account you can specify on what day and hour the server will automatically send readings every month. Readings can be sent in the following ways: as PUSH notifications, in the form of E-MAIL, directly to the MOS.RU portal. Forget the hassle of manual monthly readings!

Alternatively, you can simply watch the readings and graphs on your mobile phone, tablet or computer using a browser or mobile app for iOS and Android.

The module is powered by three AA alkaline batteries, duration autonomous work at least 3 years. When the charge level drops below 10%, a PUSH or E-MAIL notification will be sent to the user.

The device communicates with the server using an Internet connection through a private or public Wi-Fi network with encryption. Two networks can be used: main and backup. In the absence of communication, the device collects and stores an hourly log for 1 month, when it is resumed, it transmits data to the server. In any abnormal situation (the device does not communicate, there is a leak, a break in the communication line to the sensor or meter, etc.), the server will send you a PUSH or E-MAIL notification.

The century of progress and high technologies is already knocking on every home. Today, every home has a computer, as well as a bunch of mobile devices: tablets, smartphones, netbooks, transformers (netbooks with a removable touch screen or tablets with docking stations) and other devices. It is not surprising that already now many have the ability to control various devices through. From lighting to other household electrical appliances. Such installations are called "Smart House" and were known already in the early 2000s, but only gained popularity among ordinary users today, when wireless technologies became available to a wide mass of users.

Some general information

It should be noted right away that to control light, TV, refrigerator, air conditioner, microwave oven or any other electrical appliance, we need a special station or relay. They are different types, with different features and functions. For example, the cheapest devices are made in the form of an outlet with a remote control. remote control... That is, you plug the "Wireless Socket" into a regular outlet (to connect to the power supply). IN wireless device turn on the compressor for the pond (for example, sunsun aco overview, etc.), and using the remote control you can turn it off or on. Everything is very easy and very simple!

But there are more expensive and advanced devices that allow you to control household appliances through special applications on tablets and smartphones. In this case, the connection can occur as in local network, and remotely via the Internet.

As you understand, it is simply impossible to describe everything in one article, so we will analyze only two types of Smart Home devices. Controlling computer functions via Android via Bluetooth.

"Wireless" socket

The word "wireless" here means that you can connect to it via Wi-Fi and regulate its operation. Let's consider how such gadgets work, using the example of a device from the Edup company. This is a Chinese company, but it produces fairly high quality products.

How to use such an outlet?

1. We connect the device to the power supply network (to a regular outlet).
2. There is a button on top of the device. Press and hold it until the Wi-Fi indicator starts blinking (if you hold the button, but another icon is constantly blinking, then release the button and press briefly again). Thus, we switched the device to the mode of searching for Wi-Fi networks in order to bind to the router.

Now we turn to the tablet or smartphone (with the help of which the remote control). In our case, the app is called Edup Wi-Fi. After installing the application on your tablet, you will have to register.

After that, go to the application using your username. But now there will not be a single device in it: the fact is that you need to add equipment manually, so we exit the application.

Now open the settings of your smartphone (tablet) and go to the "Wi-Fi" section. We turn on the adapter. When the system offers a list of available devices to connect, find your "wireless" outlet and connect to it. The connection we need is named "Wifino1". After we have connected to the device, we return to the Edup WiFi application.

Here you need to click the "Settings" button, which is located at the very bottom of the screen on the right. Next, click "Initialize Device". Above, information about the connected device will be displayed: and the name.

Below you will need to enter the name of your Wi-Fi network in the field. You need to enter exactly as indicated in the router, with all characters, uppercase or lowercase letters, and so on. The name must match absolutely. And, accordingly, we enter the password for your Wi-Fi network.

After that we press the "Start" button. The phone will start sending the required commands to the Wi-Fi socket. You just have to wait for the pairing to be completed. When this happens, the indicator on the outlet itself, which was previously blinking, will stop blinking and will remain on continuously.

Now, when you enter the Edup WiFi app again, the Devices section will contain your wireless socket connected to the router. Opposite the name there will be a button, when pressed, the device will turn on or off. As you can see, managing your household appliances via Wi-Fi is a fairly simple and quick process.

"Wireless" relay

The second gadget that will allow you to control the light in the house via Wi-Fi is a relay. This equipment is more powerful, which can withstand higher loads. In this case, everything works directly. That is, the relay itself distributes Wi-Fi, to which you need to connect and then launch the appropriate application and control the operation of the relay in the program.

You don't need to make any special settings. The relay is supplied with setup instructions and a disk with the necessary software. In fact, a relay is virtually indistinguishable from a socket. But if you can control the outlet via the Internet, then the relay requires a direct connection via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth.

There are other options for "Smart Homes" with which you can configure the control of all household electrical appliances at once. But the cost of such equipment will be appropriate and affordable to few people.

Managing a router means setting up a device. A router is a rather complex network equipment with a huge functionality, and depending on the operating conditions, one or another control is required.

Configuring the router requires certain knowledge, moreover, before starting the configuration, you need to connect it to the computer and go to those same settings.

If you do not take into account the "exotic" methods (for example, via a telnet terminal), then there are only two main configuration methods:

1. Or through a special assistant program;
2. Or through the built-in web interface of the router.

The first method is more convenient for inexperienced users, since it is designed for practically automatic tuning with minimal human participation, while the second method provides more fine tuning.

Let's start by connecting to a computer.

Connecting the router to your computer

Any router is equipped with a LAN interface (port) designed for wired connection to a computer. Also, any computer has an Ethernet port for the same purpose. We take the network wire patch court, which usually come with a router, and connect the router with a computer through these ports.

Preparing the router for settings

You can also establish a connection via a wireless Wi-Fi network, but not all routers and computers have Wi-Fi modules, moreover, the wireless network is less reliable and connection breaks are possible at the most inopportune moment.

Front panel of the router

After turning on the router, you need to pay attention to its indicator lamps, usually located on the front panel. Firstly, to make sure that the router is working (suddenly the power supply is burnt out), and secondly, to make sure that the firmware is fully loaded into it RAM and the router is ready to go.

Front panel of the router

Further actions depend on how you intend to configure the router - using the assistant software, or on your own through the web interface.

Let's consider the first option first.

Setting up specialized software

Assistant programs are located on CDs that come with the router. Also, if you have Internet access, you can download it from the manufacturer's official website.

It should be noted right away that not all manufacturers develop such programs!

After installing the program, launch it using the shortcut that appears on the desktop. As a rule, the welcome window with the manufacturer's logo opens first, in which you need to start the beginning of the router configuration.

The initial window of the customizer

Further steps depend on the manufacturer, but it all comes down to the choice of the provider, you need to enter the passwords and logins specified in the agreement with the provider. At the rest of the steps, you just read the issued messages and agree with them by clicking "Next" or "Ok".

Configuration via the web interface

But it is much preferable, and more professional, configuration through the web interface of the router. But to enter the settings menu in this way, you first need to authorize the user, since the router will simply not allow uninvited guests into its settings.

Label under the bottom of the router

The IP-address of the router is also recognized there.

User authorization

So, we connected the router to the computer with a patch cord, and turned it on. Next, on the computer, open InternetExplorer, in which we register the network address of the router.

Entering the router settings

Settings menu structure

With very few exceptions, the menu structure is the same - either on the left or at the top there is a tree of settings items. Many manufacturers also provide help and tips for the selected menu item on the right side of the window. In the center of the window, direct settings are made, that is, control of the router.

Settings menu

It is very good if the menu is in Russian. If it is originally in English, then we are looking for a line like "Language", since the menu can be multilingual, and English is set simply by default. We change it to Russian.

Wi-Fi setup

That's all, then it remains only to carefully read the names of the menu items and make settings. For example, we need to configure a Wi-Fi wireless network. We look at the names of the menu, we need "Wi-Fi", "Wireless", "Wireless network" or something like that.

Let's look at an example of setting up on a router from Netgear

Wi-fi setup

Go to the "Settings" menu, then select the "Wireless network settings" submenu. The settings window will open, in which we indicate the name of our wireless network, select the channel, mode, transmission speed. If you wish, you can set a password to connect to the network, or leave the entrance free.

The rest of the router is configured in the same way, some of which can be found in the video tutorial: