Idol program
Artist Robot
Who is Performer Robot?
- Imagine a checkered field (like a sheet of a checkered notebook) on which there is an object, which we will call a Robot. Using special commands, we can control this Robot - move it around the cells, paint over the cells. And in most cases, our task will be to write such a program for the Robot, by executing which it will paint over certain cells.
Setting up the idol environment for the Robot performer
- The running program Idol looks like this.
Starting environment of the Robot
- Before starting the execution of the program, it is necessary to set the starting situation for the Robot performer. This means placing the Robot in the desired position, arranging the walls, painting the required cells, etc. This step is very important. If you ignore it, then the program may not work correctly or even crash altogether.
Press Edit furnishings
Artist Robot. Simple commands.
- up
- down
- to the left
- to the right
- paint over
The result of executing these commands is clear from their name:
- up - move the Robot one square up
- down - move the Robot one square down
- left - move the Robot one square to the left
- right - move the Robot one square to the right
- paint over - paint over the current cell (the cell in which the Robot is located).
Algorithm example
- First you need to write the phrase:
- use Robot
If you know how many cells you need to paint over, then the solution algorithm will be as follows!
Task number 1
- Write a program to solve the following problem, if you know how many cells you need to paint
Cycles
- 1. Cycle with counter it is used when it is known in advance how many repetitions must be done.
nts times
…
kts
Here we must indicate the number of repetitions (number) and the commands that will be repeated. The commands that are repeated in the loop are called the body of the cycle.
Task number 2
- Write a program to solve the following problem using a counter loop
- 2. Loop with condition while the condition is true - the loop is executed, if false is not true
- The executor Robot has several conditions
free from above
from below freely
left freely
right freely
top wall
bottom wall
left wall
right wall
- Particles can be used: NOT, AND, OR
Conditional loop structure
nc bye right freely
to the right
paint over
kts
Task number 3
- Write a program to solve the following problem using a conditional loop:
Task number 4
- Write a program to solve the following problem using conditional loops:
Solving problems:
- 2. The robot must be transferred from the start position to the end position by painting over the walls
Task number 5
- There is a horizontal wall on the endless field. The length of the wall is unknown. The robot is on top of the wall at its left end. The figure shows the location of the robot relative to the wall (the robot is marked with the letter "P"):
Answer to task number 5
- nts until (bottom free)
paint over
The beginning of the cycle (nts) and the condition (not yet (free from below)) are written on one line.
Design if a
- top free bottom free left free right free
- These commands can be used in conjunction with the condition "if a" that looks like this:
- if a condition then
- sequence of commands
- For example, to move one cell to the right, if there is no wall on the right, and painting the cell, you can use the following algorithm:
- if the right is free then
- to the right
- paint over
Task number 7
The lengths of the walls are unknown.
Answer to task number 7
until the top is free
paint over
to the right
while the top is free
to the right
while on the right is free
paint over
to the right
until the right is free
paint over
down
while on the right is free
down
until the right is free
paint over
down
Task number 8
The lengths of the walls are unknown.
Each wall has exactly one passage, the exact location of the passage and its width are unknown.
Answer to task number 8
while the top is free
until the top is free
paint over
while the top is free
until the top is free
paint over
until the bottom is free
paint over
while the bottom is free
until the bottom is free
paint over
Task number 9
The lengths of the walls are unknown.
Each wall has exactly one passage, the exact location of the passage and its width are unknown.
Answer to task number 9
while the bottom is free
until the bottom is free
paint over
while the bottom is free
until the bottom is free
paint over
until the top is free
paint over
while the top is free
until the top is free
paint over
Task number 10
The lengths of the walls are unknown.
Each wall has exactly one passage, the exact location of the passage and its width are unknown.
Answer to task number 10
while the left is free
until left free
paint over
while the left is free
until left free
paint over
until the right is free
paint over
while on the right is free
until the right is free
paint over
Task number 11
The lengths of the walls are unknown.
Each wall has exactly one passage, the exact location of the passage and its width are unknown.
Answer to task number 11
until the top is free
until the top is free
paint over
while the bottom is free
until the top is free
paint over
Task number 12
There is a staircase on the endless field. First, the stairs go down from right to left, then go down from left to right. The height of each step is one cell, the width is two cells. The robot is to the right of the top rung of the ladder. The number of steps leading to the left and the number of steps leading to the right is unknown. The figure shows one of the possible ways of placing the ladder and the Robot (the Robot is marked with the letter "P").
Answer to task number 12
We move down under the stairs from right to left until we reach the junction of the stairs:
nts until the bottom is free
down
to the left
to the left
We move down to the end of the descending staircase, painting over the necessary cells on the way:
nts not yet left free
paint over
to the right
paint over
to the right
down
Answer to task number 13
nts so far left free
paint over
to the left
up
nts not yet left free
paint over
up
Task number 14
The infinite field has a rectangle bounded by walls. The lengths of the sides of the rectangle are unknown. The robot is inside a rectangle. The figure shows one of the possible ways of positioning the walls and the Robot (the Robot is marked with the letter "P").
Answer to task number 14
while on the right is free
to the right
while the top is free
up
paint over
nts so far left free
to the left
paint over
Answer to task number 15
while on the right is free
paint over
to the right
while the bottom is free
paint over
down
paint over
until (bottom free)
to the left
down
until (right is free)
paint over
down
paint over
to the right
until (top free)
paint over
to the right
Answer to task number 16
until the right is free
paint over
down
paint over
to the right
until the top is free
paint over
to the right
while the top is free
up
while on the right is free
paint over
to the right
until the right is free
paint over
down
Artist ROBOT is the "oldest" performer, the algorithm for which is proposed to be performed by graduates in task No. 14 of the examination work in computer science and ICT.
Let's consider the individual elements of the content of the task, which are necessary to understand the operation of the algorithm.
The executor ROBOT moves along a rectangular maze drawn on a plane divided into cells. The ROBOT executor's command system contains eight commands:
- command commands: up, down, left, right... When any of these commands are executed, the ROBOT moves one cell depending on the command.
- four commands check the truth of the condition that there is no wall on each side of the cell where the ROBOT is located: top free, bottom free, left free, right free.
Problem number 14. How many cells of the labyrinth (see Fig. 1) meet the requirement that, having started movement in this cell and fulfilling the proposed program, the ROBOT will survive and stop in the same cell with which it started movement?
- START
- WHILE up
- WHILE left
- WHILE down
- WHILE right
- END
Decision.
To return the robot to its original cell, it is necessary that its trajectory is a rectangle, or a segment - horizontal or vertical. Let's consider the possible cases and find out the necessary conditions for the robot to return to its original cell.
First case. Rectangular path:
- Obviously, the four walls should restrict the movement of the robot in the following order: first from the right, then from above, then from the left and finally from below (see Fig. 2)
Second case. Linear trajectory:
- (a) horizontal line: the robot must move first to the left and then to the right. Analysis of the program shows that in this case, two instructions should not be executed - "BYE<справа свободно>up "and" BYE<слева свободно>down". This means that the checkered plane must contain the corresponding restrictions on the right and left (see Fig. 3)
- (b) vertical line: the robot must move first down, then up. Similarly to the previous reasoning, we have: two instructions should not be executed - "BYE<сверху свободно>left "and" BYE<снизу свободно>to the right. Therefore, on the checkered plane there must be appropriate restrictions above and below (see Fig. 4)
It is easy to see that in all the cases listed above, the required cell has a lower bound. Let's mark such candidate cells (see Fig. 5).
Further analysis of the labyrinth in which the robot is moving shows that the first case is satisfied by the cell C4, the second case (a) - by the cells E2, B2 and, finally, the second case (b) corresponds to the cell D5 (see Fig. 6).
For the ability to write programs for the performer Robot is very important. These tasks are related to tasks with a high level of complexity and allow you to earn an additional 2 points (provided that the solution is correct). We will study the Robot.
A 9th grade graduate must have an idea of algorithms, be able to write. To write algorithms, you can use programming languages or formal languages. Executor Robot can execute algorithms, while doing it very clearly. The robot is the so-called GRAPHIC TRAINING PERFORMER (GRIS) because the results of its work are presented in a graphical form.
Who is Performer Robot?
Imagine a checkered field (like a sheet of a checkered notebook) on which there is an object, which we will call a Robot. Using, we can control this Robot - move it around the cells, paint over the cells. And in most cases, our task will be to write such a program for the Robot, by executing which it will paint over certain cells.
Artist Robot is included in the Kumir package (Set of Educational WORLDS), which was developed by the Scientific Research Institute for System Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (NIISI RAS) just for teaching programming at school. In addition to the Robot, there are other performers in the Kumir system, but we are not interested in them yet.
Download Artist Robot
So, first we need. Don't be confused by the fact that the name says 32-bit, the program works fine on 64-bit Windows too. If you are using Linux, then you can use the version for this OS.
Next, you need to install the downloaded program. Here, I hope, you will not have any difficulties, the process is standard and intuitive. If suddenly something does not work out - write in the comments, I will definitely help. The only thing is that I recommend that you abandon unnecessary items during installation (everything except Wednesday Idol)
After successful installation, a shortcut to launch the program will appear on your desktop
And after starting the program, we should see the program window
Executor Robot - program window
| Lesson planning and lesson materials | 7 classes | Planning lessons for the academic year | Artist Robot
Lesson 30
Artist Robot
Robot Control
Work in the "Algorithmic" environment
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Meet the Robot
Artist The robot operates on a rectangular checkered field. Walls can be located between some cells of the field. Some cells can be painted over (Fig. 3.11).
The robot occupies exactly one square of the field. By commands up, down, left and right, the Robot moves to the adjacent cell in the specified direction. If there is a wall on the way, then a refusal occurs - a message is issued about the impossibility of executing the next command.
On the command to paint over, the Robot paints the cell in which it is standing. If the cell has already been painted over, then it will be painted over again, although no visible changes will occur.
It is important to remember that the Robot can only execute correctly written commands. For example, if instead of the command down, write down, then the Robot will not understand this entry and will immediately report an error.
♦ Remember the names of errors in command recording. What other mistakes should you avoid when designing algorithms?
An example of a Robot control algorithm
Let's write a program, executing which the Robot will draw a meander of five turns on a checkered field (Fig. 3.12).
The program may look like:
REPEAT 5 TIMES paint over to the right; paint over to the left; paint over to the left; paint up; paint up; to the right; paint over to the right; to the right; right down; down ENDHere we used the construction of repetition, since absolutely identical fragments are repeated 5 times in the figure. When writing the body of the loop, we wrote several commands in one line separated by semicolons.
If you make a loop procedure, then the main program will be very short.
♦ Suggest your version of the program for drawing a meander.
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